本文共 5955 字，大约阅读时间需要 19 分钟。

什么是URL转码

不管是以何种方式传递url时，如果要传递的url中包含特殊字符，如想要传递一个+，但是这个+会被url会被编码成空格，想要传递&，被url处理成分隔符。

尤其是当传递的url是经过Base64加密或者RSA加密后的，存在特殊字符时，这里的特殊字符一旦被url处理，就不是原先你加密的结果了。

url特殊符号及对应的编码:

package com.learn.utils;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;/** * HttpClient4.3工具类 */public class HttpClientUtils {	private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtils.class); // 日志记录	private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;	static {		// 设置请求和传输超时时间		requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(2000).setConnectTimeout(2000).build();	}	/**	 * post请求传输json参数	 * 	 * @param url	 *            url地址	 * @param json	 *            参数	 * @return	 */	public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, JSONObject jsonParam) {		// post请求返回结果		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();		JSONObject jsonResult = null;		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);		// 设置请求和传输超时时间		httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);		try {			if (null != jsonParam) {				// 解决中文乱码问题				StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");				entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");				entity.setContentType("application/json");				httpPost.setEntity(entity);			}			CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);			// 请求发送成功，并得到响应			if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {				String str = "";				try {					// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据					str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");					// 把json字符串转换成json对象					jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);				} catch (Exception e) {					logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);				}			}		} catch (IOException e) {			logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);		} finally {			httpPost.releaseConnection();		}		return jsonResult;	}	/**	 * post请求传输String参数 例如：name=Jack&sex=1&type=2	 * Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded	 * 	 * @param url	 *            url地址	 * @param strParam	 *            参数	 * @return	 */	public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, String strParam) {		// post请求返回结果		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();		JSONObject jsonResult = null;		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);		httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);		try {			if (null != strParam) {				// 解决中文乱码问题				StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(strParam, "utf-8");				entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");				entity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");				httpPost.setEntity(entity);			}			CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);			// 请求发送成功，并得到响应			if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {				String str = "";				try {					// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据					str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");					// 把json字符串转换成json对象					jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);				} catch (Exception e) {					logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);				}			}		} catch (IOException e) {			logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);		} finally {			httpPost.releaseConnection();		}		return jsonResult;	}	/**	 * 发送get请求	 * 	 * @param url	 *            路径	 * @return	 */	public static JSONObject httpGet(String url) {		HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("localhost", 8888);		RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).setConnectTimeout(10000).setSocketTimeout(15000)				.build();		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(config).build();		// get请求返回结果		JSONObject jsonResult = null;		// 发送get请求		HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);		request.setConfig(requestConfig);		try {			CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);			// 请求发送成功，并得到响应			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {				// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();				String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");				// 把json字符串转换成json对象				jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(strResult);			} else {				logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url);			}		} catch (IOException e) {			logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e);		} finally {			request.releaseConnection();		}		return jsonResult;	}}

package learn_b;import java.net.URLDecoder;import java.net.URLEncoder;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.learn.utils.HttpClientUtils;public class Test001 {	public static void main(String[] args) {		// Java 提供Http协议 特殊字符转码类		String encode = URLEncoder.encode("1+1");		System.out.println("encode:" + encode);		System.out.println("decode:" + URLDecoder.decode(encode));		String userNameUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/indexPage?userName=" + URLEncoder.encode("1+1");		JSONObject result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet(userNameUrl);		System.out.println("result:" + result);		// 注意事项 不要整个URL进行编码，只是针对于参数编码	}}

package com.learn.api.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.learn.base.BaseApiService;import com.learn.base.ResponseBase;// http协议特殊字符处理@RestControllerpublic class IndexController extends BaseApiService {	// 1. 什么是特殊字符处理（rpc远程通讯 实现加密 + ?） 正好和http特殊相同，导致会转成空格	// 2. 注意事项	@RequestMapping("/indexPage")	public ResponseBase indexPage(String userName) {		System.out.println("userName:" + userName);		return setResultSuccessData(userName);	}}

转载地址：http://obkzb.baihongyu.com/